The Middle Ages
The Crusades: A time (1095-1270) when Eurpean Christians battle against Muslims over religion and land. Since Jerusalem was the brith place of all religion the land was consider Holy. So Christians and other religious nations thought it was their duty to gain control of this land and call it their own. The Christians failed to conquer Jerusalem but they learn mathematics, astronmy, architecture, and crafts that made possible rich.
The Murder of Thomas a Becket: The Chaucer's pilgrims set out for Canterbury, their gaol was the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. Thomas, a Noman, had risen to great power as chancellor under his friend King Henry th second. Appointing his friend Thomas as arch-bishop of canterbury, Henry hoped to gain the upper hand in disputes with the Church, but the independent and combative Thomas took the pop's side. In December 1170, four of Henry's knights murdered Becket in his cathedral. The public outrage backlash against Henry for monarchy in its power srtuggles with Rome. This setback led to the kinds of liberies taken by several of clergymen in The Canterbury Tales. Thus, Chaucer's monk lives a life of luxury withouot regard to the poor, his Friar Chases women and money, and his Summoner and his Pardoner blackmail people with threats of eternal damnation.
The medieval Church did have one postive effect, it fostered cultureal unity a system of belief and symbol that transcended the natioal cultures of Europe. Its monasteries were the libraries and publishers of the time, and its language, Latin, remained the international language of educated Europeans. Its leader, the pope, was king of all kings and his "kingdom" had no boundaries.
The Magna Carta: The event that most clearly heraldeda return to older, independent, democratic tendecies in England was the signing of the Magna Carta by King John in 1215, at Runnymede. John was strongly backed by the Pope, but the English barons forced him to sign the document. The signing then , was a defeat for central papal power. It is true that the Magna Carta was witten by aristocrats for aristocrats; the barons had no interest in the rights of the common people. Years later, the document became the basis for English constitutuional law in which such rights as trial by jury and legislative taxation were established.
The black Death: The Black Death or bubonic plague was another blow to feudalism besides the growth of cities and the Hundred Years' War, that strunk England in 1348-1349. The highly contagious disease spread by fleas from inected rats, reducing the nation's population by a third. Causing a labor shortage and inevitably gave the lower classes more leverage than they had ever had agisnt their overlords. The freedrom of the serfs was one long term result which knocked out the last support of feudalism. The warring House of York and Lancaster reconciled by the time the marriage of King Henry 7 in 1485. Henry was the frist of Tudor line that would lead to Elizabeth 1. The Middle Ages had ended, England's Renaissance was about to begin.
The Canterbury Tales: I remember reading The Canterbury Tales and I forgot how long this story was. This story kind of remines me of the Mayflower, how these people who all come from different places with different talaents but all looking for the same thing. Like the Mayflower, the people are on a voyage looking for a new life and place to call their own. The Canterbury Tales talks about everyone that is on this voyage. From the way they dress to their way of living.
Frist there was an kinght who rode with turth and honor. He possed fine horses, but was not gaily dressed. He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark with smudges where his armor had left mark. He had been to many of places and done many of things. Now he was on this ride towards something new with his son the Squire.
The Suire, with locks as cuurly as if they had been pressed.He was twenty years of age with wonderful agility and strengh. Short was his gown, the sleeves were long and wide. He knew how to sit and ride a horse. He could make songs and poems and write. Courteous he was, lowly and serviceaqble, and carved to serve his father at the table.
There was a Yeoman with him at his side, he wore a coat and hood of green, and peacock-feathered arrows bright and keen under his belt he bore very carefully.
Of woodcraft he knew all the useful ways. Upon his arm he bore a bright bracer, and at one side a sword and a buckler, and at the other side a dagger bright. A cropped head had he and a sun-browned face.
There was also a nun, a PRIORESS, her greatest oath was but "By Saint Eloy!"
And she was called Madam Eglantine. Very well she sang the service divine, she spoke French fairly and fluently, and certainly delighting in good sport. She had good manners and care for all animals She wore a small coral trinket on her arm, with a string of beads and gauded all with green.
Another NUN with her had she, who was her chaplain; and priests, she had three.
A MONK there was, one of the finest sort, an outrider; hunting was his sport. Here this monk was governour of the cell. The rule of Maurus or Saint Benedict, by reason it was somewhat old and strict, his sleeves were made with fur at the hand with fine grey fur. With red eyes, a bald head, and smooth as one anointed was his face. He also had many excellent horses and greyhounds, as fast as a bird in flight.
A FRIAR there was named Hubert, a very festive man. In all the Four Orders is no one that can equal his gossip and well-spoken speech. He was an easy man in penance-giving, he knew how to gain a fair living. His tippet was always stuffed with pocket-knives and pins, to give to young and pleasing wives. In towns he knew the taverns, every one, and every good host and each barmaid too-Better than needy lepers and beggars, these he knew. He knew his way with the women and could help resolve disputes that were brought up.
There was a MERCHANT with forked beard in motley gown, and high on horse he sat, upon his head a Flemish beaver hat. His boots were fastened neatly and elegantly. He spoke out his opinions very solemnly. He knew how to deal foreign currencies, buy and sell. This worthy man kept all his wits well set; There was no person that knew he was in debt, so well he managed all his trade affairs with bargains and with borrowings and with shares.
A CLERK from Oxford was there also, who'd studied philosophy, and he and his horse was poor is a rake. He took utmost care and heed for his study. Not one word spoke he more than was necessary; and that was said with due formality and dignity and short and lively, and full of high morality.
A SERGEANT OF THE LAW, keen and wise, disinterested he was, and of great dignity. Because of his knowledge and high reputation, he took large fees, had robes more than one. He knew all convictions, common and crime recorded since King William's time. He could write a contract so explicit Not any man could trace a fault in it; and every law he knew entirely by rote. He rode but simply in a medley coat, girded with a belt of silk, with little bars, but of his outfit no more particulars.
There was a FRANKLIN in his company; white was his beard as is the white daisy. His house was never short of food and pies of fish and flesh, and these in large supplies. A dagger and a purse all of silk hung at his belt, white as morning milk. He had been sheriff and been tax auditor; there was nowhere such a worthy vavasor.
A HABERDASHER and a CARPENTER, an ARRAS-MAKER, DYER, and WEAVER. Freshly and new their gear, and well adorned it was; Their weapons were not cheaply shaped with brass,
But all with silver; neatly made and well their belt and their purses too. Each man of them appeared a proper citizen.
A COOK they had with them, he knew how to recognize a draught of London ale. And he could roast and boil and broil and fry, and prepare a stew, and bake a tasty pie.
There was a SAILOR, living far out west; for all I know, he was of Dartmouth town. The hot summer had burned his face all brown. He sadly rode a carthorse, in a gown, of thick woolen cloth that reached unto the knee.He knew well all from Gottland to the Cape of Finisterre,
and every creek in Brittany and Spain; his vessel had been called the Madeleine.
With us there was a DOCTOR OF MEDICINE; To speak of medicine and surgery,
for he was instructed in astronomy. He cared for and saved a patient many times
by natural science and studying astrological signs. Well could he calculate the planetary position,to improve the state his patient is in. He knew the cause of every sickness,
whether it brings heat or cold, moisture or dryness, and where engendered he was a very good practitioner.
There was a WIFE of BATH, who was somewhat deaf. At making clothes she had a skillful hand. She bettered those of Ypres and of Ghent. Her head-dresses were of finest weave and ground.
Her stockings were of the finest scarlet red, tightly fastened, and her shoes were soft and new. Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue, and her feet spurred sharply under that. In company well could she laugh and chat.
A good man was there of religion, he was a poor COUNTRY PARSON, but rich he was in holy thought and work. He was a learned man also, a clerk. Who Christ's own gospel truly sought to preach, and devoutly his parishioners would he teach.
With him there was a PLOWMAN, his brother. That loaded many carts with dung, and many other had transported; a true worker was he. He loved God most, and that with his whole heart
at all times, whether it was easy or hard, and next, his neighbour, even as himself.
A REEVE and a MILLER were also there; A SUMMONER, MANCIPLE and PARDONER. The MILLER was a strong fellow, be it known. Hardy, big of brawn and big of bone. He was stoutly built, broad and heavy. His beard, as any sow or fox, was red. Upon his nose right on the top he had a wart, and thereon stood a tuft of hairs, red as the bristles in an old sow's ears, and his nostrils they were black and wide. His mouth was like a furnace door for size. He was a jester and knew some poetry, but mostly all of sin and obscenity. A blue hood he wore and a white coat, and a bagpipe he could blow well.
There was a MANCIPLE from the Inner Temple. That he knew the markets, watched them closely, and found himself ahead, he did quit nicely.
The REEVE was a slender choleric man, who shaved his beard as close as ever he can. His hair was closely cropped around his ears; His head, the top was cut alike a pulpiteer's. Long were his legs, and they were very lean. Well could he manage granary and bin.
A SUMMONER was with us in that place, who had a fiery-red, cherubic face, all pimpled it was; his eyes were narrow As hot he was, and lecherous, as a sparrow; with black and scabby brows and scanty beard He had a face that little children feared. Well loved he garlic, onions, and also leeks, And drink strong blood red wine untill dizzy. Then would he talk and shout as if he's crazy.
With him there rode a noble PARDONER Of Rouncival, his friend and his compeer.This pardoner had hair as yellow as wax, but smooth it hung as does a strike of flax; In driplets hung his locks behind his head, down to his shoulders which they overspread; but thin they dropped, these strings, all one by one. A voice he had that sounded like a goat.
The cat that I like in The Canterbury Tales is the Knight. He's a gentleman who frist began to ride about the world with truth, honour, and courtesy. He is very wise, strong, and brave with a temper as meekly as a maid. He been to many places and done many things, now he's on this voyage without a sinigle thing. I like this character because he did a lot with his life but chose to live a simple life. This cat is down to earth and doesn't need fancy things to live. He's a real and true soldier and that I can respect.
You can tell the literature I readed reflect the Middle Ages simply by their names. The Crusades, The Black Death, The Magna Carta, all these titles has meaning refering to the Middle Ages. The Crusades (1095-1270) meaning Holy War, was aserie of wars waged by European Christians against the Muslims. In 1215 English barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta (the "Great Charter") as an effort to curb the Church's power, which became basic for Engish constitutional law. The Black Death or bubonic plague, was a highly contagious disease which struck England in 1348-1349 reduced the nation's population by a thrid.
It's their names which tells me a time of the Dark Ages and Holy War. A time of war and death, birth and rebirth between people, land, and nations.
The Pardoner's Tale; Relates to a lot dealing with the Middle Ages. The main statement of this story is that greed is the root of all evil, and lies, cheats, and deceats will only bring you trouble. "Well," through-out the Middle Ages there was much lies, cheats, and deceats; and everyone is either seeking power or who alright has it living their own selfish lifes. Just as the Crusades or Holy War, European Christians fought Muslims for Jerusalem just over relgion. The Black Death, or bubonic plague, that struck England in 1348-1349 killed the nation's population by a third. In The Pardoner's Tale there were three young brothers that was looking for death. I guess it was do to the caroues and blasphemy oaths they were doing in the begining. They felt it was not fair for one out of three dies amongs the living and they wanted to kick deaths butt for it. Well on their way they met an old man and ask him did he know were death was, too what they didn't know was that he was death. So death indisguise told the young three that they would find death under a tree. Instead they found a pile of gold florins, from there it was murder she wrote. The older brother order the youngest to go get some bread and wine and so he was off, but little did he know the plot of the older two would slay him in his return. As for the yougest he had a plot of his own to slay the other two, so he brought some poison and put it in two bottle of wine with one clean for himself. So in his return he was murder by the other two and in their celebration they both share a poison bottle of wine and in so they both die.
The Crusades: A time (1095-1270) when Eurpean Christians battle against Muslims over religion and land. Since Jerusalem was the brith place of all religion the land was consider Holy. So Christians and other religious nations thought it was their duty to gain control of this land and call it their own. The Christians failed to conquer Jerusalem but they learn mathematics, astronmy, architecture, and crafts that made possible rich.
The Murder of Thomas a Becket: The Chaucer's pilgrims set out for Canterbury, their gaol was the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. Thomas, a Noman, had risen to great power as chancellor under his friend King Henry th second. Appointing his friend Thomas as arch-bishop of canterbury, Henry hoped to gain the upper hand in disputes with the Church, but the independent and combative Thomas took the pop's side. In December 1170, four of Henry's knights murdered Becket in his cathedral. The public outrage backlash against Henry for monarchy in its power srtuggles with Rome. This setback led to the kinds of liberies taken by several of clergymen in The Canterbury Tales. Thus, Chaucer's monk lives a life of luxury withouot regard to the poor, his Friar Chases women and money, and his Summoner and his Pardoner blackmail people with threats of eternal damnation.
The medieval Church did have one postive effect, it fostered cultureal unity a system of belief and symbol that transcended the natioal cultures of Europe. Its monasteries were the libraries and publishers of the time, and its language, Latin, remained the international language of educated Europeans. Its leader, the pope, was king of all kings and his "kingdom" had no boundaries.
The Magna Carta: The event that most clearly heraldeda return to older, independent, democratic tendecies in England was the signing of the Magna Carta by King John in 1215, at Runnymede. John was strongly backed by the Pope, but the English barons forced him to sign the document. The signing then , was a defeat for central papal power. It is true that the Magna Carta was witten by aristocrats for aristocrats; the barons had no interest in the rights of the common people. Years later, the document became the basis for English constitutuional law in which such rights as trial by jury and legislative taxation were established.
The black Death: The Black Death or bubonic plague was another blow to feudalism besides the growth of cities and the Hundred Years' War, that strunk England in 1348-1349. The highly contagious disease spread by fleas from inected rats, reducing the nation's population by a third. Causing a labor shortage and inevitably gave the lower classes more leverage than they had ever had agisnt their overlords. The freedrom of the serfs was one long term result which knocked out the last support of feudalism. The warring House of York and Lancaster reconciled by the time the marriage of King Henry 7 in 1485. Henry was the frist of Tudor line that would lead to Elizabeth 1. The Middle Ages had ended, England's Renaissance was about to begin.
The Canterbury Tales: I remember reading The Canterbury Tales and I forgot how long this story was. This story kind of remines me of the Mayflower, how these people who all come from different places with different talaents but all looking for the same thing. Like the Mayflower, the people are on a voyage looking for a new life and place to call their own. The Canterbury Tales talks about everyone that is on this voyage. From the way they dress to their way of living.
Frist there was an kinght who rode with turth and honor. He possed fine horses, but was not gaily dressed. He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark with smudges where his armor had left mark. He had been to many of places and done many of things. Now he was on this ride towards something new with his son the Squire.
The Suire, with locks as cuurly as if they had been pressed.He was twenty years of age with wonderful agility and strengh. Short was his gown, the sleeves were long and wide. He knew how to sit and ride a horse. He could make songs and poems and write. Courteous he was, lowly and serviceaqble, and carved to serve his father at the table.
There was a Yeoman with him at his side, he wore a coat and hood of green, and peacock-feathered arrows bright and keen under his belt he bore very carefully.
Of woodcraft he knew all the useful ways. Upon his arm he bore a bright bracer, and at one side a sword and a buckler, and at the other side a dagger bright. A cropped head had he and a sun-browned face.
There was also a nun, a PRIORESS, her greatest oath was but "By Saint Eloy!"
And she was called Madam Eglantine. Very well she sang the service divine, she spoke French fairly and fluently, and certainly delighting in good sport. She had good manners and care for all animals She wore a small coral trinket on her arm, with a string of beads and gauded all with green.
Another NUN with her had she, who was her chaplain; and priests, she had three.
A MONK there was, one of the finest sort, an outrider; hunting was his sport. Here this monk was governour of the cell. The rule of Maurus or Saint Benedict, by reason it was somewhat old and strict, his sleeves were made with fur at the hand with fine grey fur. With red eyes, a bald head, and smooth as one anointed was his face. He also had many excellent horses and greyhounds, as fast as a bird in flight.
A FRIAR there was named Hubert, a very festive man. In all the Four Orders is no one that can equal his gossip and well-spoken speech. He was an easy man in penance-giving, he knew how to gain a fair living. His tippet was always stuffed with pocket-knives and pins, to give to young and pleasing wives. In towns he knew the taverns, every one, and every good host and each barmaid too-Better than needy lepers and beggars, these he knew. He knew his way with the women and could help resolve disputes that were brought up.
There was a MERCHANT with forked beard in motley gown, and high on horse he sat, upon his head a Flemish beaver hat. His boots were fastened neatly and elegantly. He spoke out his opinions very solemnly. He knew how to deal foreign currencies, buy and sell. This worthy man kept all his wits well set; There was no person that knew he was in debt, so well he managed all his trade affairs with bargains and with borrowings and with shares.
A CLERK from Oxford was there also, who'd studied philosophy, and he and his horse was poor is a rake. He took utmost care and heed for his study. Not one word spoke he more than was necessary; and that was said with due formality and dignity and short and lively, and full of high morality.
A SERGEANT OF THE LAW, keen and wise, disinterested he was, and of great dignity. Because of his knowledge and high reputation, he took large fees, had robes more than one. He knew all convictions, common and crime recorded since King William's time. He could write a contract so explicit Not any man could trace a fault in it; and every law he knew entirely by rote. He rode but simply in a medley coat, girded with a belt of silk, with little bars, but of his outfit no more particulars.
There was a FRANKLIN in his company; white was his beard as is the white daisy. His house was never short of food and pies of fish and flesh, and these in large supplies. A dagger and a purse all of silk hung at his belt, white as morning milk. He had been sheriff and been tax auditor; there was nowhere such a worthy vavasor.
A HABERDASHER and a CARPENTER, an ARRAS-MAKER, DYER, and WEAVER. Freshly and new their gear, and well adorned it was; Their weapons were not cheaply shaped with brass,
But all with silver; neatly made and well their belt and their purses too. Each man of them appeared a proper citizen.
A COOK they had with them, he knew how to recognize a draught of London ale. And he could roast and boil and broil and fry, and prepare a stew, and bake a tasty pie.
There was a SAILOR, living far out west; for all I know, he was of Dartmouth town. The hot summer had burned his face all brown. He sadly rode a carthorse, in a gown, of thick woolen cloth that reached unto the knee.He knew well all from Gottland to the Cape of Finisterre,
and every creek in Brittany and Spain; his vessel had been called the Madeleine.
With us there was a DOCTOR OF MEDICINE; To speak of medicine and surgery,
for he was instructed in astronomy. He cared for and saved a patient many times
by natural science and studying astrological signs. Well could he calculate the planetary position,to improve the state his patient is in. He knew the cause of every sickness,
whether it brings heat or cold, moisture or dryness, and where engendered he was a very good practitioner.
There was a WIFE of BATH, who was somewhat deaf. At making clothes she had a skillful hand. She bettered those of Ypres and of Ghent. Her head-dresses were of finest weave and ground.
Her stockings were of the finest scarlet red, tightly fastened, and her shoes were soft and new. Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue, and her feet spurred sharply under that. In company well could she laugh and chat.
A good man was there of religion, he was a poor COUNTRY PARSON, but rich he was in holy thought and work. He was a learned man also, a clerk. Who Christ's own gospel truly sought to preach, and devoutly his parishioners would he teach.
With him there was a PLOWMAN, his brother. That loaded many carts with dung, and many other had transported; a true worker was he. He loved God most, and that with his whole heart
at all times, whether it was easy or hard, and next, his neighbour, even as himself.
A REEVE and a MILLER were also there; A SUMMONER, MANCIPLE and PARDONER. The MILLER was a strong fellow, be it known. Hardy, big of brawn and big of bone. He was stoutly built, broad and heavy. His beard, as any sow or fox, was red. Upon his nose right on the top he had a wart, and thereon stood a tuft of hairs, red as the bristles in an old sow's ears, and his nostrils they were black and wide. His mouth was like a furnace door for size. He was a jester and knew some poetry, but mostly all of sin and obscenity. A blue hood he wore and a white coat, and a bagpipe he could blow well.
There was a MANCIPLE from the Inner Temple. That he knew the markets, watched them closely, and found himself ahead, he did quit nicely.
The REEVE was a slender choleric man, who shaved his beard as close as ever he can. His hair was closely cropped around his ears; His head, the top was cut alike a pulpiteer's. Long were his legs, and they were very lean. Well could he manage granary and bin.
A SUMMONER was with us in that place, who had a fiery-red, cherubic face, all pimpled it was; his eyes were narrow As hot he was, and lecherous, as a sparrow; with black and scabby brows and scanty beard He had a face that little children feared. Well loved he garlic, onions, and also leeks, And drink strong blood red wine untill dizzy. Then would he talk and shout as if he's crazy.
With him there rode a noble PARDONER Of Rouncival, his friend and his compeer.This pardoner had hair as yellow as wax, but smooth it hung as does a strike of flax; In driplets hung his locks behind his head, down to his shoulders which they overspread; but thin they dropped, these strings, all one by one. A voice he had that sounded like a goat.
The cat that I like in The Canterbury Tales is the Knight. He's a gentleman who frist began to ride about the world with truth, honour, and courtesy. He is very wise, strong, and brave with a temper as meekly as a maid. He been to many places and done many things, now he's on this voyage without a sinigle thing. I like this character because he did a lot with his life but chose to live a simple life. This cat is down to earth and doesn't need fancy things to live. He's a real and true soldier and that I can respect.
You can tell the literature I readed reflect the Middle Ages simply by their names. The Crusades, The Black Death, The Magna Carta, all these titles has meaning refering to the Middle Ages. The Crusades (1095-1270) meaning Holy War, was aserie of wars waged by European Christians against the Muslims. In 1215 English barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta (the "Great Charter") as an effort to curb the Church's power, which became basic for Engish constitutional law. The Black Death or bubonic plague, was a highly contagious disease which struck England in 1348-1349 reduced the nation's population by a thrid.
It's their names which tells me a time of the Dark Ages and Holy War. A time of war and death, birth and rebirth between people, land, and nations.
The Pardoner's Tale; Relates to a lot dealing with the Middle Ages. The main statement of this story is that greed is the root of all evil, and lies, cheats, and deceats will only bring you trouble. "Well," through-out the Middle Ages there was much lies, cheats, and deceats; and everyone is either seeking power or who alright has it living their own selfish lifes. Just as the Crusades or Holy War, European Christians fought Muslims for Jerusalem just over relgion. The Black Death, or bubonic plague, that struck England in 1348-1349 killed the nation's population by a third. In The Pardoner's Tale there were three young brothers that was looking for death. I guess it was do to the caroues and blasphemy oaths they were doing in the begining. They felt it was not fair for one out of three dies amongs the living and they wanted to kick deaths butt for it. Well on their way they met an old man and ask him did he know were death was, too what they didn't know was that he was death. So death indisguise told the young three that they would find death under a tree. Instead they found a pile of gold florins, from there it was murder she wrote. The older brother order the youngest to go get some bread and wine and so he was off, but little did he know the plot of the older two would slay him in his return. As for the yougest he had a plot of his own to slay the other two, so he brought some poison and put it in two bottle of wine with one clean for himself. So in his return he was murder by the other two and in their celebration they both share a poison bottle of wine and in so they both die.
posted by ATO at 7:49 AM
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